One of the main objectives of the UAIC Centre for Gender Equality in Science is to monitor the dynamics of gender representation in the academic and research units of the UAIC. In a statistical survey carried out last months, our Research Group on Gender Studies analysed the data collected from the faculties’ research departments as well as from the two representative research departments which are functioning at the University level, namely the Interdisciplinary Research Department – Field Science, and the Interdisciplinary Research Department – Field Socio-Humanistic. The results indicated, for example, that in both central departments the proportions of women and men researchers are relatively balanced, with some significant peculiarities. The first department has recently published the document entitled “White Paper of Research”, which presented all its members, with summary information on their domains of expertise and selective references (e.g. papers included in prestigious scientific publications edited by Nature Publishing Group, American Chemical Society, Elsevier, American Physical Society etc.). This department has currently 22 members which are, considered by gender, in a plain parity: 11 women researchers and 11 men researchers (see link). However, in the council of this department the proportion of women is still low (22 %). At the other department, the women researchers outnumber the men researchers, especially at the 12 individual projects (67% for women and 33% for men) and also as team members in collective projects (63% women and 37% men), while the leaders of the current collective projects are predominantly male researchers (75%). At the same time, in the council of this department the women researchers represent 40%. (see link).

The international conference "Ready for Dialogue", that took place in Berlin on 5 November 2015, has been dedicated to the integration of the gender dimension in science and research. The event has been organised by the Essen College of Gender Research at the University of Duisburg-Essen in close cooperation with the European Platform of Women Scientists (EPWS) as European partner organization. The conference participants - 120 representatives of national and European associations, research institutions and research funding institutions - discussed the relevance of the gender dimension in science and the necessity to initiate a new strategic dialogue with the institutional key stakeholders of the research system in order to promote gender integration in research programmes at national and European level. The debates on gender in science have been introduced by Dr. Brigitte Mühlenbruch, President of the European Platform of Women Scientists, Dr. Maren Jochimsen, Managing Director of the Essen College of Gender Research and coordinator of the project "Ready for Dialogue", and the invited keynote speakers Prof. Dr. Ineke Klinge (Horizon 2020 Advisory Group on Gender in Horizon), Dr. Anne Pépin (National Center for Scientific Research CNRS), Dr. Dagmar Simon (WZB Berlin Social Science Center) and Dr. Sabine Haubenwallner (Austrian Science Fund - FWF). As a participant at the conference, Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur presented the strategy and the results of the UAIC-STAGES project both in a poster entitled “Fixing the Transformative and Formative Praxis: a new model to advance gender equality in science” (see photo) and in a communication abstract included in "Book of abstracts" (see link).

The 2015 edition of the European Gender Summit had the title "Mastering gender in research performance, contexts, and outcomes". The choice of this thematic was motivated by the organisers through the argument that: "Europe is leading the world in the effort to make science more aware of and responsive to the consequences of gender inequality and gender bias in science practice and knowledge. The Summit programme advanced understanding of when, how and why gender issues in research can produce different outcomes for women and men, and, like its predecessors, it demonstrated important intellectual, societal and economic benefits of gender mainstreaming" (see About). Like all the previous editions the European Gender Summit 7 brought together numerous senior and young gender researchers and practitioners from academic and social organisations, representatives of different European and non-European countries, responsible with science and gender equality policy at the international and national level. This year, 80 speakers and 350 participants contributed to the success of the Gender Summit by following communications and debates focused on The benefits of gender equal and gender sensitive research and innovation (Day 1) and Enhancing the capacity of policy actions to achieve lasting change (Day 2). The Centre for Gender Equality in Science of the "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University was represented by Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur, who has shared the experience of structural transformation to achieve gender equality at the UAIC, in the paper "Fixing the transformative and formative praxis: a new model of institutional change to achieve gender equality in universities" (Abstract compendium).

The self-evaluation of the UAIC-STAGES team on the activities carried out in the last year of the project took into consideration 27 actions included in Action Plan, 5 deliverables prepared and sent to the EC-DG Research and Innovation, and other various contributions at the STAGES common activities, as for example, presentations at the steering committee’s meetings, newsletter articles, STAGES Guidelines, progress report, sustainability report, evaluation report etc. Following the main criteria of assessment established for the STAGES evaluation (i.e. Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact, Sustainability, and Relevance), the UAIC team detailed the process of implementation and its actual results and also highlighted the subjective and objective impact of the achievements. To assess the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries with the actions and events organized within the framework of the STAGES project, the UAIC team used, as in the previous years, a multi-faced sociological methodology, also completed this year with methods for registration significant perceptions and behaviours changes, considered as being direct or indirect effects of 4 years activity of our project (that it, more than 90 different actions). As concerns the objective impact within the organisation the main significant results have been considered with respect to the project’s purpose of doing organisational changes to achieve gender equality in science by setting up new institutional structures and initiating new organisational practices. The new institutional structures (like UAIC Centre for Gender Equality in Science, UAIC Network of Women in Academia and Research, UAIC Research Group for Gender Studies) represent the main transformational agencies created and sustained for promoting gender equality actions that gradually became patterns for new organisational practices. In this respect more than 20 new organizational practices with gender equality aims and direct or indirect effects in the change process have been instituted at UAIC. Their synergistic effects manifested in increasing gender awareness, introducing gender challenges on the institutional agenda, advancing gender equality programmes, which progressively determined structural change in the organisation. All these achievements underline the relevance of the activity of the UAIC team within the framework of the STAGES project and at the same time are the basis for the sustainability plan aiming to ensure the continuity and further development of the gender equality programmes at UAIC after the end of the STAGES project.

Our intensive programme initiated to assure the continuity and sustainability of the new functional structures and practices set up by the UAIC-STAGES project for promoting gender equality in science in our university envisaged the development of competencies, knowledge and skills for gender equality evaluation and monitoring. To this aim, Dr. Cristina Ciomaga, from the Faculty of Physics, member of the Centre for Gender Equality in Science and of the UAIC Network of Women in Academia and Research, attended on the period 16-20 November 2015 a series of certified training courses and workshops delivered by the ITC-ILO experts in the frame of the annual programme "Gender Academy". Dr. Cristina Ciomaga had the opportunity to learn about new strategies for gender equality in organizations and new practices of evaluating the implications for women and men of any planned action concerning gender mainstreaming. Sharing her experience Dr. Cristina Ciomaga said that "Gender Academy" helped her to improve knowledge, to develop and apply a gender perspective in her daily work in the lab, department and university, in the frame of the present and future proposals for national and international projects. Also, attending the “Gender Academy” help her to consolidate her professional and managerial/organizational skills, to improve the communication competences as well as to learn new training techniques and to consolidate what she knew on gender equality in research. These new knowledge and competences will be shared in the future trainings delivered by the Centre for Gender Equality in Science.

The main aim of the Final Conference of the STAGES project was to offer an opportunity so that the teams who developed Action Plans targeting “Structural Transformation to Achieve Gender Equality in Science” to present what they have concretely realised in their academic and research organisations within the 4 years period of the STAGES project. At the same time, their experiences and achievements have also been the basis for the "STAGES Guidelines" presented at the Conference. Besides the partners in the STAGES Consortium, the event has been attended by some representatives of twin projects (Prof. Uduak Archibong, GENOVATE project, Dr. Anne Pepin, GENDER-NET project, Prof. Gülsün Sağlamer, FESTA project, Dr. Andrè Beraud, GENDER TIME project, Florian Holzinger, GARCIA project) and of gender organisations (Therese Murphy, EIGE, Lut Margaert, Yellow Window). There were also present two invited gender experts from USA, Prof. Kathrin Zippel and Prof. Myra Marx Ferree. The European Commission has been represented by Ms. Viviane Willis Mazzichi, Head of Gender Sector, and Mr. Ovidiu Constantin Dumitrescu, project officer. All the team leaders and other team members of the partner institutions have been involved in presentations about their activity. The UAIC team’s participants at the STAGES Final Conference have been Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur, team leader, Director of the UAIC Centre for Gender Equality in Science, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Luminita Bejenaru, member of the Senate of the "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Deputy Director of the same UAIC Centre. According to the Conference Agenda, the UAIC team leader had 3 contributions in the successive sessions: the first one to present the UAIC Action Plan and its main achievements (in the section "STAGES Action Plans for gender equality in science"); the second one to share the UAIC experience in strategic communication, public relations campaigns and dissemination on gender equality activities (in the section "Practice-based Guidelines: experiences and results from the Action Plans"); and the third one, to speak on the UAIC's institutionalization of the new structures and practices set up within the STAGES project as well as on the UAIC’s sustainability plan (in the section "Policy making and institutionalisation – recommendations and suggestions from the STAGES Project"). To do her communications, the team leader used power point presentations as well as the support of the UAIC-STAGES website, through which all our activities are regularly disseminated and transparently introduced in public communication. A poster on our performative strategy for managing the UAIC-STAGES project entitled "Fixing the Transformative and Formative Praxis: a new model to advance gender equality in science" was also available in the special posters session and during the whole time of the conference.

The UAIC team had important contributions at the "STAGES GUIDELINES", which should be one of the most significant final products of the FP7 European project "Structural Transformation to Achieve Gender Equality in Science". During the long process of conception and elaboration, Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur has been actively involved in debate on the structure, content and presentation of this common work, requesting that the Guidelines to be focused on the practice-based experience and real results achieved through the implementation of the Action Plans by the 5 European research institutions represented in STAGES, as well as that the recommendations to reflect added-value and to share the specific knowledge gained by the teams engaged within the process of creating new institutional structures and practices aimed at improving gender equality in their academic and research organisations. Consequently, the Part One finally includes synoptic presentations of the activities performed by the partner teams from University of Milan (Italy), Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Germany), Aarchus University (Denmark), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romania) and Radbound University (The Netherlands), while Part Two contains the most relevant examples of good practices offered by the teams that effectively realised them. At the same time, the UAIC team leader proposed that all the contributors to be mentioned as authors. Finally, all the team leaders have been acknowledged as co-editors (i.e. Marina Cacace, Doina Balahur, Inge Breijenbergh, Daniella Falcinelli, Michaela Friedrich and Evanthia Kalpazidou Schmidt), and the team members who contributed to the examples have been mentioned as authors. From the UAIC team the authors nominated are: Prof. Doina Balahur, Prof. Liliana Mitoseriu, Prof. Luminita Bejenaru, Prof. Iuliana Breaban, Prof. Maria Cojocaru, Prof. Paul Dobrescu, Prof. Contiu Soitu, Prof. Snejana Sulima, Prof. Romeo Asiminei, Dr. Diana Arhire, Dr. Cristina Elena Ciomaga, Dr. Nadejda Horchidan, Dr. Irina Popovici, Dr. Lorena Tarlion, Dr. Madgalena Vicovan, Drd. Maria Petronela Munteanu, Drd. George Pascaru, Drd. George Ichim, Drd. Rares Miron, Drd. Niculina Karacsony, Sonia Giorgiu and Elena Radu Felice. It is also remarkable that the names of all the extended team members of UAIC-STAGES project have been mentioned in the Guidelines: Prof. Doina Balahur (team leader), Prof. Liliana Mitoseriu, Prof. Elena Bacu, Prof. Alexandra Iordan, Prof. Odette Blumenfeld, Prof. Elisabeta Jaba, Prof. Maria Magdalena Zamfirache, Prof. Rodica Dimitriu, Prof. Adriana Prodan, Prof. Luminita Bejenaru, Prof. Iuliana Breaban, Prof. Maria Cojocaru, Prof. Lenuta Alboaie, Prof. Corina Forascu, Prof. Paul Dobrescu, Prof. Contiu Soitu, Prof. Snejana Sulima, Prof. Nina Mihalache, Prof. Romeo Asiminei, Prof. Dumitru Stan, Dr. Diana Arhire, Dr. Christiane Balan, Dr. Cristina Elena Ciomaga, Dr. Lavinia Curecheru, Dr. Mihaela Danu, Dr. Felicia Gheorghiu, Dr. Nadejda Horchidan, Dr. Vera Popescu, Dr. Irina Popovici, Dr. Lorena Tarlion, Dr. Madgalena Vicovan, Dr. Daniela Caltea, Drd. Maria Petronela Munteanu, Drd. George Pascaru, Drd. George Ichim, Drd. Rares Miron, Drd. Niculina Karacsony, Drd. Stela Anca Radu, Sonia Giorgiu, Elena Radu Felice.

The International Conference “Practicing STAGES at the UAIC: Achievements and Challenges for Gender Equality in Science” has been organized by the UAIC-STAGES project team, in cooperation with UAIC Centre for Gender Equality in Science and the UAIC Network of Women in Academia and Research, as the Final Conference of the UAIC-STAGES project. The main aims of the conference have been to present the achievements and the lessons learned from the experience of the UAIC-STAGES project and to evaluate the future directions of action and the challenges for gender equality in science at the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University. At the same time, the event was intended to provide the opportunity for dialogue, exchange of experience and good practices with prestigious gender experts and representatives of similar European and international projects in order to see how similar issues and challenges – like the underrepresentation of women in different academic and research fields or in scientific leadership and management boards - have been addressed and redressed in other academic and research institutions (see the Conference Programme).

The top management of the UAIC has been represented at the Conference by Prof. Dr. Carmen Cretu, Vice-rector of UAIC (first photo below), who gave an introductory speech, and Prof. Dr. Ovidiu Gabriel Iancu, Vice-rector of UAIC (second photo below), who spoke on the relevance of the STAGES project for gender equality management at the UAIC. The two University managers know well the actions of the project being regularly participants at activities and public events organised by the UAIC-STAGES team and they underlined in their speeches that the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University is the unique university in Romania that has developed a project on structural change to achieve gender equality in science and that its successful achievements create the positive premises to extend this experience in other universities and at the national level.

A synoptic presentation of the main results of the UAIC-STAGES project has been made by Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur, the team coordinator (in photos below), through her communication “Practicing STAGES at the UAIC: Achievements and Challenges on Gender Equality in Science”, and by sharing also lessons learned from the valuable experience of implementing such a complex and demanding/beneficial project.

In his communication, Assoc. Prof. Adrian Iftene, the Dean of the Faculty of Computer Science (in photos below), refered at the impact the UAIC-STAGES project had on gender equality in science at the faculties and University levels, taking as example the increased visibility of the women’s scientific achievements and their promotion in managerial position at the Faculty he is leading. He also mentioned that in his quality of the representative of the UAIC in the STAGES International Board of Scientific Advisors he could appreciate that our university has successfully made important and sustainable advance on gender equality in science.

The impact of the UAIC-STAGES project had on gender equality in science issues was also further highlighted by the members of the Centre for Gender Equality in Science and of the Network of Women in Academia and Research who communicate on „UAIC-STAGES Project: Why did it matter?” Prof. Dr. Rodica Dimitriu, from Faculty of Letters, Head of English Department, member of the UAIC Senate (first photo below) talked about the development of the sense of solidarity among women in academia and research, unknown before the intensive cooperation initiated by the activities of the UAIC-STAGES project. Prof. Dr. Adriana Prodan, Deputy Director of the UAIC Doctoral School, member of the Senate (second photo below) mentioned in her intervention the impact the exchange of experience and good practices with other European universities had on the daily teaching and research activity in our university and on women and men’s increasing awareness on the issues of gender equality in science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Luminita Bejenaru, from the Faculty of Biology, member of the UAIC Senate (third photo below) brought to the attention the professional competences to understand and evaluate gender equality in science issues developed by the courses, workshops and certified trainings given within the lifespan of the project. Dr. Cristina Elena Ciomaga, from Faculty of Physics, member of the UAIC Network of Women in Academia and Research (fourth photo below) emphasised the high impact the actions and public events that aimed at increasing the visibility and recognition of women researchers and their scientific achievements had, and also the importance of the training courses on gender in science she attended, that. helped her to improve knowledge, to develop and apply a gender perspective in her daily work in the lab, department and university, in the frame of the present and future proposals for national and international projects.

The next session of the conference has been dedicated to exchange of experience and good practices with similar international projects. The first guest speaker, Prof. Dr. Martina Schraudner, Head of the department „Gender and Diversity in Organisations” at the Technical University Berlin and Fraunhofer Institute from Germany (in photos below), made a presentation entitled “Gender equality advancement in the German research landscape. An assessment from a German practitioner”, where she gave a picture of the German initiatives to increase gender balance and to promote diversity in academia and research, and argued why and how the gender dimension should be considered relevant in research, innovation and technology (so as she also treated in the book „Gendered Innovations”). Prof. Schraudner further developed on the positive corelation between the integration of gender dimension in science and the ”Responsible Research and Innovation” as a sine qua non feature of current research.(see pdf).

Another practical experience on structural change to achieve gender equality in academia and research has been brought by our guest speaker Prof. Dr. Rachel Erhard, Dean of Women and President’s Advisor of Gender Equality at Tel-Aviv University, Israel (in photos below). Prof. Rachel Erhard gave a presentation on “Advancing Gender Equity in Tel-Aviv University: From Theory to Practice”, where she analysed the main strategic plan to achieve gender equity at the Tel-Aviv University. Professor Erhard underlined that the guiding principles that oriented the processes of change relied on scientific excellence and on the uniqueness of each faculty. In consequence a proactive, multidimensional and systemic approach has been developed which proposed clear targets to be achieved on short and long term (see pdf).

An experience coming from a twin project on strategies to attain gender equality in academia and research was presented by our invited speaker Ms. Barbara de Micheli, from Gioacomo Brodolini Foundation (Italy), the Coordinator of the FP7 GenisLab project (in photos below). In her presentation entitled “Gender Equality in Universities: Lessons Learned from GenisLab Project”, Ms. Barbara de Micheli emphasized that the institutional change have been understood since the beginning as requiring a systemic approach, suitable to act on different organisational dimensions, based on an initial gender audit of the organisation. The systemic approach targeted three main organizational dimensions that have been integrated in the tailored Action Plans, namely: Human resources management and gender, Organizational culture and stereotypes, and Gender budgeting. (see pdf).

A final online presentation was delivered by our guest speaker Prof. Dr. Claudine Hermann, Honorary professor of Physics at Ecole Polytechnique Paris, President of honour of the French Association Femmes & Science (Women and Science), Vice-president of the European Platform of Women Scientists (in photos below), who refered at “Networking. Examples from Europe, today and previously”. Prof. Claudine Hermann shared her remarkable experience and dedication for promoting gender equality in science and the initiatives she has contributed to in order to develop the European Network of Women Scientists. She underlined how worthy the strategy of networking is, both inside the universities, among them and at the European and international level, for the process of structural change so that gender equality in science to become reality. (see pdf).

In her concluding remarks, Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur, UAIC-STAGES project coordinator, prospected some future directions of action for continuing and developing the programmes of gender equality in science at the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, based on the new organizational structures and practices set up within the UAIC-STAGES project. She also thanked the invited speakers and the participants as well as all the collaborators who on the 4 years period of the UAIC-STAGES project have contributed to its successful and valuable achievements.

The Conference has been attended by more than 120 participants, senior and young researchers and professors, Vice-Rectors, Deans and Vice-Deans, members of the Senate, Heads of the UAIC Doctoral schools and of Research Departments, Heads and staff of the Human Resources, Projects Management and Financial& Accounting Departments, PhD and post-doc students, MA and BA students. The componence of the scientific committee included: Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur, Conf. Dr. Romeo Asiminei, Conf. Dr. Christiane Balan, Conf. Dr. Luminiţa Bejenaru, Prof. Dr. Odette Blumenfeld, Conf. Dr. Iuliana Breaban, Prof. Dr. Rodica Dimitriu, Prof. Dr. Elisabeta Jaba, Prof. Dr. Alexandra Iordan, Conf. Dr. Irina Manolescu, Prof. Dr. Liliana Mitoseriu, Prof. Dr. Adriana Prodan, Prof. Dr. Daniela Şoitu. The members of the organizing committee have been: Dr. Cristina Ciomaga, Dr. Lavinia Curecheriu, Dr. Mihaela Danu, Dr. Nadejda Horchidan, Dr. Magdalena Vicovan, Drd. Ichim George, Drd. Niculina Karacsoni, Drd. Petronela Munteanu, Drd. George Pascaru.

The UAIC-STAGES project, in cooperation with the UAIC Centre for Gender Equality in Science and the UAIC Network of Women in Academia and Research, organized a certified training course on “Gender Budgeting”, sustained by Ms. Barbara de Micheli, gender expert from the Foundation Giacomo Brodolini (Italy) and Coordinator of the FP7 GenisLab project, who was also invited speaker at the international conference “Practicing STAGES at the UAIC: Achievements and Challenges for Gender Equality in Science”. The training course was planned within the activities foreseen by the UAIC-STAGES project and the UAIC Centre for Gender Equality in Science in order to ensure the sustainability and future development of the new structures and practices created to improve gender equality in science at the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi. It complemented the series of workshops and certified trainings delivered within the life span of the UAIC-STAGES project to the academic and research personnel, managers and staff of the Human Resources, Projects Management and Financial & Accounting Departments, PhD and post-doctoral students, that aimed at developing knowledge and skills for gender equality issues understanding, evaluating, monitoring and reporting. Briefly, such knowledge and skills building was considered necessary to address and redress gender equality issues at the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University. In her training course Ms. Barbara de Michieli underlined that Gender Budgeting is a complementary tool to gender mainstreaming and that it is important when addressing gender equality to understand and monitor how resources are distributed and what effects the assignment has on each gender. (see pdf).The training was organized interactively so that dialogue, observations and questions have been addressed along the presentation. The Gender Budgeting training has been attended by more than 120 participants, senior and young researchers, members of the Senate, representatives of the UAIC Doctoral School, Heads of the Scientific Research Departments, Heads of the Faculties Doctoral Schools, Heads and staff from the Human Resources, Projects Management and Financial & Accounting Departments, PhD and post doc-students, MA and BA students.

TVR Iasi, branch of the National Broadcasting Company, our partner media on the whole 4 years period of the UAIC-STAGES project, presented a TV report on the International Conference “Practicing STAGES at the UAIC: Achievements and Challenges for Gender Equality in Science” that was held at our University on the 8th of December 2015. Under the title “Gender Equality in Science” the TV report provided information on the remarkable activities achieved by the UAIC within a joint European project focused on the promotion of women in science and presented images from the Senate Hall taken during the sessions of the conference and interviews with the invited speakers Prof. Dr. Martina Schrauder, Prof. Dr. Rachel Erhard, Ms. Barbara de Micheli as well as with Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur, the coordinator of the UAIC-STAGES project.(click here to see the TV report).

Members of the UAIC Network of Women in Academia and Research have organised “a review and perspective” workshop few days before the end of the STAGES project at the UAIC with the intention to exchange impressions on the projects’ common experiences, to make a final evaluation of its main achievements, and to discuss about the future developments and new possible initiatives. A first part of the meeting was dedicated to review the “Narratives of the UAIC-STAGES project” and it was supported by the navigation on the website developed by the UAIC Communication team, which represents the vivid memory of all the activities carried out within the four years period of the project. On this occasion the participants talked about the lessons learned from the active participation in the common experiences initiated through the project, and considered the new competences, knowledge and skills they got on understanding and recognising relevant situations for gender equality or inequality in science in our university. Also everyday facts, impressions and stories that happened at different activities and events have been shared. In the second part of the meeting the participants have explored together the strategies for future developments. An important issue that has been discussed referred to the future representation of the Network of Women in Academia and Research on different management boards. The workshop has been attended by Prof. Dr. Doina Balahur (Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, coordinator of the project), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Luminița Bejenaru (Faculty of Biology, member of the UAIC Senate), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lenuța Alboaie (Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Computer Science), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Corina Forăscu (Faculty of Computer Science), Prof. Dr. Irina Manolescu (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration), Assoc. Prof. Dr, Iuliana Breabăn (Faculty of Geography and Geology), Dr. Cristina Ciomaga and Dr. Nadejda Horchidan (Faculty of Physics), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vera Popescu (Faculty of Letters), PhD students Ana-Ioana Breabăn, Madalina Paiu, Diana Bobric (Faculty of Geography and Geology) and PhD students Catrinel Zaharia and Maria Petronela Munteanu (Faculty of Philosophy and Social Political Sciences).